The Effectiveness of a Training Program in Developing Gender Role Awareness Among Verbal Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Abstract
The current study aimed to educate verbal adolescents with autism spectrum disorder on gender role awareness. The study included 8 participants. To achieve the study objectives, a gender role awareness scale and a gender role awareness training program were built and used. To answer the study question, a one group design was used. The results indicated the effectiveness of the gender role awareness training program. The study recommended the need to train all categories and levels of severity of autism spectrum disorder on gender role awareness skills.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787. Accessed in august 26, 2024.
Behavioral innovations. (2024). Autism and Gender: Exploring the Intersection of Autism and Gender Identity. https://behavioral-innovations.com/blog/exploring-the-intersection-of-autism-and-gender-identity/#:~:text=People%20with%20autism%20might%20be,they%20were%20assigned%20at%20birth. Accessed in august 20, 2024.
Bejerot, S., & Eriksson, J. M. (2014). Sexuality and gender role in autism spectrum disorder: a case control study. PloS One, 9(1), e87961. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087961
Bejerot, S., & Eriksson, J. M. (2014). Sexuality and gender role in autism spectrum disorder: a case control study. PloS One, 9(1), e87961. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087961. Accessed august 26, 2024.
Blashill, A. J. (2011). Gender roles, eating pathology, and body dissatisfaction in men: a meta-analysis. Body image, 8(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.09.002
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024). Data and statistics on autism spectrum disorder. https://www.cdc.gov/autism/data-research/index.html.
Chernyak, P. (2024). How to Deal With Your Teenager (for Parents). WikiHow.
Cooper, K., Mandy, W., Russell, A., & Butler, C. (2023). Healthcare Clinician Perspectives on the Intersection of Autism and Gender Dysphoria. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 27(1), 31-42.
education.alaska.gov. (2024). Gender Equity Activities “As a male elementary teacher I was often given the “tough kids” because they felt a male figure would do better with the kids” - Male Elementary Teacher. https://education.alaska.gov/tls/cte/docs/nto/gender_equity.pdf
El-Zraigat, I., & Alshammari, M. (2020). Diagnosis Females with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Literature Review and Recommendations for Better Diagnosis in Jordan and Kuwait. European Journal of Social Sciences, 59(3), 265-268.
El-Zraigat, I. (2016). Autism: Behavior, diagnosis & treatment. Amman: Dar Wael for publishing.
Fawkner, H. J. (2012). Body Image Development: Adult Men. In Thomas Cash (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance. Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/C2010-1-66177-9
Geelhand, P., Bernard, P., Klein, O., et al. (2019). The role of gender in the perception of autism symptom severity and future behavioral development. Molecular Autism 10, 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0266-4
Golson, M., Haverkamp, C., McClain, M., Schwartz, S., Ha, J., Harris, B. & Benallie, K. (2022). Influences of Student Race/Ethnicity and Gender on Autism Special Education Classification Considerations. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 26(6), 1423-1435.
Hull, L., Mandy, W., & Petrides, K. V. (2017). Behavioural and cognitive sex/gender differences in autism spectrum condition and typically developing males and females. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 21(6), 706–727. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361316669087
Kehinde, O., Lindly, O., Ntombela, B., & Hermann, C. (2023). Brief Report: Gender-Based Stereotypical Roles of Parents Caring for Autistic Children in Nigeria and South Africa. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53(12), 4917-4928.
McQuaid, G., Lee, N., & Wallace, G. (2022). Camouflaging in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Examining the Roles of Sex, Gender Identity, and Diagnostic Timing. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 26(2), 552-559.
Morin, A. (2024). 7 ways to help teens and tweens gain self-awareness. Understood for All, Inc
Mussey, J. L., Ginn, N. C., & Klinger, L. G. (2017). Are males and females with autism spectrum disorder more similar than we thought?. Autism: the international journal of research and practice, 21(6), 733–737. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361316682621
NIH. (2021). What are the symptoms of puberty, precocious puberty, & delayed puberty?
Oates, M., & Bean, A. (2023). Intersecting Effects of Sex/Gender and Autism on Structural Language: A Scoping Review. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 27(7), 1876-1890.
Payne, L. (2024). Gender role: human behavior. Britannia. Com.
Positive Action. (2024). Students: 5 Effective Activities. Positive Action, Inc.
Seers, K., & Hogg, R. (2021). ‘You Don’t Look Autistic’: A Qualitative Exploration of Women’s Experiences of Being the ‘Autistic Other’. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 25(6), 1553-1564.
Soto, E., Orantes, D., Russo, N., & Antshel, K. (2024). Autism and Sexual and Gender Minority Identity in College Students: Examination of Self-Reported Rates, Functional Outcomes, and Treatment Engagement. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 28(6), 1519-1539.
The National Autistic Society. (2024). Autism and gender identity. https://www.autism.org.uk/advice-and-guidance/what-is-autism/autism-and-gender-identity. Accessed in august 20, 2024.
Tong, R. (2012). Gender Roles. In R. Chadwick (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics (Second Edition). Elsevier.
Wardany, O., & Hidayatullah, M. (2018). Activities For Fostering Disability Awareness And Friendship In Inclusive School. Indonesian Journal of Disability Studies (IJDS), 5(1), 106-114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.ijds.2018.5.1.12
World Health Organization. (2022). ICD-11: International classification of diseases (11th revision). https://icd.who.int/. Accessed in august 20, 2024.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/13559
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Cross-Cultural Communication
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Remind
We are currently accepting submissions via email only.
The registration and online submission functions have been disabled.
Please send your manuscripts to ccc@cscanada.net,or ccc@cscanada.org for consideration. We look forward to receiving your work.
Articles published in Cross-Cultural Communication are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY).
CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION Editorial Office
Address: 1055 Rue Lucien-L'Allier, Unit #772, Montreal, QC H3G 3C4, Canada.
Telephone: 1-514-558 6138
Website: Http://www.cscanada.net; Http://www.cscanada.org
E-mail:caooc@hotmail.com; office@cscanada.net
Copyright © Canadian Academy of Oriental and Occidental Culture